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Key of European tomentelloid fungi |
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-
spores
size without ornaments -
cyanescent-
hyphae and basidia bluish-green to bluish black in KOH |
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A- Hyphae clamped |
1 |
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B- Clamps absent or
occasionally present |
38 |
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1a. Cystidia present |
2 |
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1b. Cystidia
absent |
8 |
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2a. Cystidia hyphoid
55-95 x 3-4 µm, growing from subiculum and rhizomorphs, |
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hymenophore
hazel-brown to olive-brown, smooth to granulose, |
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margin byssoid with brownish dimitic rhizomorphs, |
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spores irregular 8,5-10 µm |
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Thelephora atroarenicolor (Nikol.) Kõljalg, I. Saar & Svantesson
2024 |
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2b. Cystidia acuminate, capitate
or clavate |
3 |
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3a. Cystidia acuminate (basally
widened, rarely hyphoid) |
4 |
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3b. Cystidia capitate |
5 |
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3c. Cystidia clavate |
6 |
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4a. Hymenophore hazel-brown,
granulose, |
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cystidia somewhat distended base and tapering towards the slightly,
expanded apices, often apical encrusted with brown deposits, |
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some spores reddish brown in KOH |
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Thelephora subtestacea (Bourdot
& Galzin) Kõljalg, I.
Saar & Svantesson 2024 |
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4b. Hymenophore greyish-green,
smooth to granulose, mucedinoid, |
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cystidia apical slightly incrusted |
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Thelephora galzinii (Bourd.)
Kõljalg, I. Saar & Svantesson
2024 |
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5a. Cystidia pale brownish to
greenish |
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basidiocarps separable, dimitic rhizomorphs present, |
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hymenophore yellowish-brown to olive-brown, |
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5b. Cystidia hyaline, |
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basidiocarps adherent, without rhizomorphs, |
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hymenophore greyish-green to olive-brown, |
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Syn ; Tomentella viridula Bourdot & Galzin 1924 |
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6a. Basidiocarps separable,
rhizomorphs present, |
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hymenophore greyish-brown to hazel-brown, smooth, |
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(similar to Th. muricata, an American
species) |
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6b. Basidiocarps adherent,
rhizomorphs absent, |
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subicular hyphae hyaline and
thin-walled
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7 |
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7a. Spores irregular, partly lobed |
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Thelephora clavigera (Litsch.) Kõljalg, I. Saar & Svantesson 2024 |
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7b. Spores regular globose to
ellipsoid, |
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subiculum thin to absent, |
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subhymenial hyphae partly short celled and inflated |
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Thelephora subclavigera (Litsch.) Kõljalg, I. Saar & Svantesson 2024 |
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8a. Spores average <
6,5µm |
9 |
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8b. Spores average > 6,5 µm |
13 |
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9a. Spores 3-4 µm, |
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hymenophore with short spines, rusty yellowish |
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9b. Spores average 4,5-6,5 µm |
10 |
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10a. Spores tubercular, hymenophore
ferruginous-brown, |
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smooth
to hydnoid, margin byssoid, rhizomorphs dimitic |
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10b. Spores echinulate |
11 |
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11a. Basidiocarps adherent, rhizomorphs absent, hymenophore greyish brown |
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basidia up to 25 µm long |
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Thelephora griseoumbrina
(Litsch. apud Lundell & Nannf.) Kõljalg
et al. 2024 |
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11b. Basidiocarps
separable, rhizomorphs
present |
12 |
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12a. Hymenophore rosy brown, smooth |
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typical yellowish rhizomorphs present
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Thelephora palliodocastanea (X. Lu, Y.H. Mu
& H.S. Yuan) Kõljalg et al. 2024 |
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12b. Hymenophore greyish, granulose,
rhizomorphs white |
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Syn.: Tomentella cinerascens (P.
Karst.) Hoehn. & Litsch.
1906 |
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13a. Spore ornaments bifurcate, Hymenophore hydnoid |
14 |
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13b. Spore ornaments not
bifurcate or with a view of bifurcate warts |
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Hymenophore smooth to granulare |
15 |
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14a. Spores brown, slightly globose 7-8
µm, with short pines, |
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rhizomorphs dimitic |
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Syn. Tomentella crinalis (Fr.) M.J. Larsen 1967 |
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14b. Spores hyaline, irregular
subglobose, 8-10 µm |
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rhizomorphs monomitic |
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15a. Immaturity basidia vesicular up to
25 µm wide, |
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hymenophore smooth, fawn, basidiocarps compact, |
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spores irregular subglobose 7-9,5 µm |
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Syn.: Tomentella
terrestris
(Berk. & Broome) M.J. Larsen 1974 |
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15b. Immaturity basidia clavate to utriform, < 15 µm wide
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16 |
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16a. Spores average 6-7,5 µm (if
hyphae short celled and inflated |
17 |
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(if hyphae partly short celled and inflated go to 32a) |
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16b. Spores average larger |
19 |
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17a. Subicular hyphae thick-walled,
brown, incrusted, up to 6 µm wide, |
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hymenophore greyish-brown to dark brown, granulose, |
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spores partly irregular globose, 6-8 µm |
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Thelephora neobourdotii (M.J.
Larsen) Kõljalg, I. Saar & Svantesson
2024 |
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17b. Subicular hyphae thin-walled,
hyaline to pale brown |
18 |
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18a. Basidia and hyphae strong
cyanescent, hymenophore blackish brown, |
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rhizomorphs distinct, with scattered skelett hyphae |
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margin and subiculum ferruginous-yellowish, subiculum
ferruginous-yellowish |
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(if rhizomorphs distinct dimitic and hymenophore olivaceous brown |
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compare Th. ferruginea 36a.) |
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18b. Basidia and hyphae not cyanescent,
rhizomorphs absent |
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hymenophore brownish, margin and subiculum same coloured, |
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spores not bifurcate |
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Thelephora sp. FD 7548 |
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19b. Hymenophor pale to dark brown, olivaceous or rusty brown |
20 |
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20a. Spores subglobose or ellipsoid, not lobed |
21 |
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20b. Spores with irregular outline, mostly lobed |
30 |
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21a. Spores ellipsoid (lateral
view) |
22 |
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21b. Spores subglobose (lateral
view) |
23 |
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22a. Subicular hyphae hyaline to pale
brownish, thin-walled, |
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subhymenial hyphae short celled and inflated, |
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spores 7-10 µm long |
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Thelephora ellisii (Sacc.)
Zmitr.,
Shchepin, Volobuev & Myasnikov 2018 agg. |
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22b. Subicular hyphae brown,
thick-walled, |
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subhymenial hyphae not short celled and inflated, |
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spores 8-12 µm long, partly irregular |
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Thelephora atramentaria (Rostr.) Kõljalg, I. Saar & Svantesson 2024 |
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23a. Subicular hyphae hyaline |
24 |
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23b. Subicular hyphae brown |
25 |
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24a. Hymenophore greyish-brown,
tubercular, spores 8-11 µm, |
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basidiocarps separable, rhizomorphs present, |
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subiculum white, margin yellowish to white |
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Thelephora asperula (P. Karst.) Kõljalg,
I. Saar & Svantesson 2024 |
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24b. Hymenophore pale brown to brick,
spores 7-8,5 µm |
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(forms of Th. eulateritia 34a. and Th. eucoerulea
35b. with more regular spores) |
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25a. Hymenophor rust-yellowish, spores
yellowish-brown, Th. bryophila complex |
26 |
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25b. Hymenophor bright to dark brown,
spores brown |
28 |
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26a. Spores with long spines up to 3 µm,
globose 8-11 µm,
apiculus amyloid Thelephora bryophila (Pers.) Kõljalg,
I. Saar & Svantesson 2024 |
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26b. Spores
with shorter spines up to 1,5 µm, Apiculus not amyloid |
27 |
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27a. Hymenophore ochre-yellow with olivaceous tint, spores 8-11 µm Thelephora viridescens (Bres. & Torr.) ) Kõljalg, I. Saar & Svantesson
2024 |
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27b. Hymenophor rust-yellowish, spores
6-9 µm Thelephora ferruginella
(Bourdot & Galzin) Kõljalg, I. Saar & Svantesson
2024 |
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28a. Spores globose, 8 -13 µm, spines up
to 3 µm, |
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Subicular hyphae not incrusted |
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Thelephora stuposa
s.l. -- Spores 6 - 8 µm Thelephora spec. -- Spores 8 - 10
µm Thelephora stuposa (Link) Kõljalg et al.
2024 s.str. -- Spores 10 -
13 µm Thelephora giacomoi Kõljalg et al. 2024
Syn.: Tomentella bresadolae (Brinkmann)
Höhn. & Litsch. 1908 |
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28b. Spores subglobose to ellipsoid,
7,5-9,5 µm, partly irregular |
29 |
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29a. Subicular hyphae incrusted,
apiculus not amyloid, with spines up to 2 µm
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Thelephora lapida (Pers.)
Kõljalg, I. Saar & Svantesson
2024 |
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(similar Th. fuliginea with amyloid apiculus and subicular
hyphae not incrusted) 29b.
Subicular hyphae not incrusted, with short spines, apiculus
not amyloid
Thelephora alpina (Peintner
& Dämmrich) Kõljalg, I. Saar & Svantesson 2024 |
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(alpine species on Salix herbacea) |
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30a. Spores with long spines up to 2,5
µm, hymenophore smooth, fawn to rosy-buff, |
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margin byssoid to fimbriat, rhizomorphs present |
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Thelephora testaceogilva (Bourdot
& Galzin) Kõljalg, I.
Saar & Svantesson 2024 |
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30b. Not with the above combination of
characters |
31 |
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31a. Subhymenial hyphae to 8 (10) µm
wide, short celled and inflated |
32 |
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31b. Subhymenial hyphae to 5,5 µm wide,
regular |
33 |
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32a. Spores rough
tuberculate-echinulate,
a few warts bifurcate, mostly spores with oil drops,
margin often fimbriat, partly rhizomorphs present |
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Syn.:
Tomentella radiosa (P. Karst.) Rick 1934, |
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= Thelephora terrestris f. resupinata ss. auct. |
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32b. Spores with long spines 7-9 µm,
hyphae to 10 µm wide, inflated up to 15 µm wide, |
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margin undetermined, rhizomorphs absent |
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Thelephora wakefieldiae Zmitr., Shchepin, Volobuev & Myasnikov 2018 s.l. |
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Syn,: Tomentella sublilacina (Ellis & Holw.) Wakef. 1962 s.l. |
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33a. Subiculum thin, rhizomorphs
rarely,
basidia partly with reddish contents (examines in distilled water!) |
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hymenial with amber-tinted adhering material,
solving in KOH
and partly cyanescent |
34 |
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33b. Subiculum and rhizomorphs
distinctly, |
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basidia not reddish in distilled water |
36 |
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34a. Hymenophore brick-red, not
cyanescent |
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Syn.:
Tomentella lateritia Pat.
1894 |
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34b. Hymenophore brownish |
35 |
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35a. Hymeniophore
dark brown, distinctly
cyanescent
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Thelephora molybdaea
(Bourdot & Galzin)
Kõljalg, I. Saar & Svantesson
2024 35b. Hymenophore pale brownish, not
cyanescent |
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36a. Basidia and hyphae cyanescent, |
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hymenophore ferruginous-brown to olive-brown, granulose, |
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margin partly yellowish, rhizomorphs dimitic |
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Thelephora ferruginea (Pers.)
Kõljalg, I. Saar & Svantesson
2024 |
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(if hymenophore blackish-brown view Thelephora
botryoides 18a.) |
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36b. Basidia and hyphae not cyanescent |
37 |
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37a. Hymenophore pale brownish with
greenish or reddish tints, granulose, margin,
byssoid, ferruginous-brown, rhizomorphs monomitic or rarely dimitic |
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Thelephora punicea (Alb. & Schwein.)
Kõljalg, I. Saar & Svantesson
2024 |
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(with distinct golden yellow hyphae compare Thelephora rubiginosa) |
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37b. Hymenophore ferruginous-reddish to chestnut-brown, smooth to tubercular, |
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margin ferruginous-reddish, rhizomorphs dimitic |
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Thelephora umbrinospora (M.J. Larsen) Kõljalg, I. Saar & Svantesson 2024 |
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38a. Spores ornaments bifurcate |
39 |
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38b. Spores ornaments not bifurcate |
40 |
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39a. Hymenophore tubercular to hydnoid, cinnamon brown, |
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spores slightly globose with short bifurcate ornaments 6-8 µm, |
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with thick-walled up to 200 µm long tramal pseudocystidia |
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39b. Hymenophore smooth (cf. Pseudotomentella!) |
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40a. Spores
brown |
41 |
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40b. Spores hyaline (cf. Tomentellopsis!) |
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41a. Occasionally clamps present, |
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subicular hyphae and subhymenial hyphae occasionally clamps present,
spores regular to irregular ellipsoid, 8-12 µm long, spines up to 1,5 µm
Thelephora cinereoumbrina (Bres.)
Kõljalg, I. Saar & Svantesson
2024 |
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41b. All hyphae without clamps |
42 |
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42a. Spores regular globose 79
µm, spines up to 3 µm |
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Tomentella spinosispora (Ciek) Kõljalg, I. Saar & Svantesson 2024 |
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(the type is described with clamps-bearing subicular hyphae,
but now
recognised as alien hyphae, E. Martini 2021) |
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42b. Spores ellipsoid or irregular globose |
43 |
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43a. Basidiocarps thick, crustose, mostly
on soil |
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Syn.: Tomentella fuscocinerea
(Pers.) 1933 |
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43b. Basidiocarps thin and tomentelloid, on wood |
44 |
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44a. Spores with spines up to 2 µm,
spores irregular globose, |
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basidiocarps mucedinoid |
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Syn.: Tomentella
badia
(Link) Stalpers 1975 |
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(if spores regular globose view 42a.) |
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44b. Spores with spines up to 1,5 µm,
spores regular ellipsoid |
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Thelephora brunneofirma (M.J. Larsen) Kõljalg, I. Saar & Svantesson 2024 |